If the price of oil hits $150 a barrel it will trigger a global recession, the boss of US financial giant BlackRock has told the BBC.
Larry Fink, who leads the world's largest asset manager, said if Iran "remains a threat" and oil prices stay high it will have "profound implications" for the world economy, BBC reports.
In a wide-ranging exclusive interview, he also denied there was an AI bubble, although he said the new technology meant too many people were pursuing university degrees and not enough doing technical training.
BlackRock is a financial colossus, controlling assets worth $14 trillion (£10.5tn), and is one of the biggest investors in many of the world's largest companies.
Its size and spread gives Fink - who is one of the eight co-founders of the business, which started in 1988 - a unique insight into the health of the global economy.
The conflict in the Middle East has triggered wild moves on financial markets as people try to assess what will happen to energy costs.
For Fink, it is too early to determine the ultimate scale and outcome of the conflict, but he believes it will be one of two extreme scenarios.
In one, if the conflict is settled and Iran becomes a country that can be accepted again by the international community then the price of oil could fall back to below where it stood before the war.
But if not, he says, then there could be "years of above $100, closer to $150 oil, which has profound implications in the economy" and an outcome of "a probably stark and steep recession".
The surge in energy costs has led to some in the UK to argue that it should be focusing more on producing its own oil and gas.
On Tuesday, industry body Offshore Energies UK said that without more domestic production, the country risks becoming reliant on imports "at a time of rising global instability".
Fink says countries need to be pragmatic about their energy mix by using all sources available to them, but providing cheap energy is key to driving growth and raising living standards.
"Rising energy prices is a very regressive tax. It affects the poor more than the wealthy."
While the UK already has some solar and wind power and hydrocarbons, if oil prices were to rise to $150 for three or four years, "you would have so many countries moving so rapidly towards solar and maybe even wind".
Countries should not depend on just one source, he says.
"Use what you have unquestionably, but also aggressively move towards alternative sources too."
'Zero similarities with 2007-08'
Some analysts have suggested that there are some echoes of the run-up to the 2007-08 financial crisis in the markets at the moment.
Energy prices are surging and some have flagged signs of cracks in the financial system. BlackRock itself is one of several firms to have limited withdrawals by nervous investors from private credit funds.
But Fink is adamant there is no chance of a repeat of the financial trauma seen in 2007-08, when several banks around the world collapsed or had to be rescued, as he believes financial institutions today are more secure.
"I don't see any similarities at all," he says. "Zero."
The issues affecting some funds account for a small fraction of the overall market and investment from institutions remains strong, he says.
Fink also rejects suggestions that the surge in investment in AI, which has seen billions of dollars invested in the new technology, has been overblown.
"I do not believe we have a bubble at all," he says.
"Could we have one or two failures in AI? Sure, that I'm fine with."
Last year, BlackRock was part of a consortium that bought one of the world's largest data centre providers, Aligned Data Centres, in a $40bn deal.
"I believe there's a race for technology dominance. I believe that if we do not invest more, China wins. I believe it's mandatory that we are aggressively building out our AI capabilities."
The biggest issue he feels that is hindering the expansion of AI in the US and Europe is the cost of energy.
While China is investing hugely in solar and nuclear power, in Europe "I just see a lot of talk and no action", he says, while in the US "as much as we are energy independent, we better start focusing on solar... because we need to have cheap, inexpensive power to move into AI".
